历史小径·世界史英语30篇（4）

11 / 30

去殖民化：各国重掌未来

After World War II, colonies across Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean demanded independence from European empires.
India gained freedom in 1947 after decades of nonviolent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African nation to win independence in 1957, inspiring similar movements nearby.
France fought bitter wars in Vietnam and Algeria, but eventually withdrew after heavy losses and global criticism.
New nations faced huge challenges — building schools, hospitals, and infrastructure without colonial resources or trained staff.
Some adopted democratic systems; others turned to strong leaders or one-party rule amid instability and poverty.
The United Nations supported self-determination, and by 1970 most former colonies had become sovereign states.
Decolonization did not end inequality, but it restored dignity, language, and decision-making to millions of people.