历史小径·世界史英语30篇（4）
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Decolonization: Nations Reclaim Their Futures
去殖民化：各国重掌未来
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After World War II, colonies across Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean demanded independence from European empires.
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India gained freedom in 1947 after decades of nonviolent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
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Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African nation to win independence in 1957, inspiring similar movements nearby.
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France fought bitter wars in Vietnam and Algeria, but eventually withdrew after heavy losses and global criticism.
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New nations faced huge challenges — building schools, hospitals, and infrastructure without colonial resources or trained staff.
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Some adopted democratic systems; others turned to strong leaders or one-party rule amid instability and poverty.
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The United Nations supported self-determination, and by 1970 most former colonies had become sovereign states.
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Decolonization did not end inequality, but it restored dignity, language, and decision-making to millions of people.