历史小径·世界史英语30篇（4）
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The Enlightenment: Reason Over Tradition
启蒙运动：理性高于传统
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In the 17th and 18th centuries, thinkers across Europe began questioning old authorities using observation and logic.
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Philosophers like John Locke argued that governments exist only with the consent of the governed.
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Voltaire criticized religious intolerance and defended freedom of speech, even for ideas he disliked.
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Scientific methods inspired social thinkers to test ideas about justice, education, and economics.
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Encyclopedias collected and organized human knowledge, making it available beyond elite universities.
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Women hosted salons where writers, scientists, and artists debated ideas openly and critically.
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Enlightenment ideals directly influenced revolutionary documents like the American Declaration of Independence.
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Its legacy remains visible in modern schools, courts, and public debates about rights and evidence.