历史小径·世界史英语30篇（5）
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The Treaty of Tordesillas: A Line Across the World
托尔德西里亚斯条约：横贯世界的分界线
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In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas under papal mediation to avoid war over new lands.1494年，西班牙与葡萄牙在教皇调停下签署《托尔德西里亚斯条约》，以避免因新发现土地而爆发战争。
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A meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands divided the globe into two exclusive spheres of exploration.一条位于佛得角群岛以西370里格的子午线将全球划分为两个专属探索区域。
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Everything east of the line—including Brazil—belonged to Portugal, while Spain claimed all lands to the west.该线以东地区（包括巴西）归属葡萄牙，以西土地则由西班牙主张。
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Neither side consulted Indigenous peoples whose homelands now lay entirely within one colonial claim.双方均未征询原住民意见，而他们的家园如今完全落入某一方殖民主张之内。
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The treaty reflected Europe’s growing confidence in global navigation and cartography during the Age of Discovery.该条约反映了地理大发现时代欧洲在全球航海与制图领域的日益自信。
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Portuguese explorers soon reached India and China, while Spanish fleets crossed the Pacific to the Philippines.葡萄牙探险家很快抵达印度和中国，西班牙船队则横渡太平洋抵达菲律宾。
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Though other powers like England and France ignored it, the agreement shaped colonial administration for centuries.尽管英、法等其他强国不予承认，这一协定却影响了数个世纪的殖民治理。
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Its legacy appears in modern borders, especially in Latin America’s linguistic divisions between Spanish and Portuguese.其遗产至今可见于现代国界，尤以拉丁美洲西班牙语与葡萄牙语的语言分界最为显著。
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Maps drawn after 1494 often showed the line prominently, reinforcing imperial legitimacy through geography.1494年后的地图常醒目标出这条分界线，借地理手段强化帝国统治的合法性。
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Ultimately, the treaty revealed how diplomacy, religion, and mapping converged to reshape sovereignty worldwide.归根结底，该条约揭示了外交、宗教与地图绘制如何交汇，共同重塑全球主权格局。