历史小径·世界史英语30篇（5）
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The Printing Press: When Words Went Viral
印刷术：当文字开始‘病毒式’传播
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Before the 1440s, books in Europe were copied slowly by hand, mostly in monasteries.1440年代之前，欧洲的书籍主要靠手抄，多在修道院中完成。
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Johannes Gutenberg’s press in Mainz combined movable metal type, oil-based ink, and a wine press design.约翰内斯·古腾堡在美因茨发明的印刷机结合了活字金属字模、油性油墨和葡萄酒压榨机的设计。
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His 1455 Bible—the first major book printed in Europe—proved the method’s speed and clarity.他于1455年印制的《圣经》——欧洲首部大规模印刷的重要书籍——证明了该技术的高效与清晰。
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Within 50 years, over 200 European cities had printing workshops producing thousands of titles.短短五十年内，欧洲逾200座城市设立了印刷工坊，出版了数千种图书。
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Scientists shared findings faster; reformers like Luther spread new religious ideas widely.科学家得以更快分享研究成果；路德等改革者则广泛传播新的宗教思想。
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More people learned to read because books became cheaper and more available in local languages.更多人开始识字，因为书籍变得更便宜，且以本地语言大量发行。
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Schools began teaching grammar and logic more systematically to meet rising demand.为满足日益增长的需求，学校开始更系统地教授语法与逻辑。
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This quiet revolution laid groundwork for the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution.这场静默革命为文艺复兴、宗教改革和科学革命奠定了基础。