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How Do Trees Survive Winter Without Freezing Solid?
树木如何在寒冬中避免被冻成冰棍？
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Trees avoid freezing damage by converting starches into sugars, lowering the freezing point of sap like antifreeze.树木通过将淀粉转化为糖来避免冻害，降低树液冰点，起到类似防冻剂的作用。
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Cell walls thicken and become more flexible, preventing ice crystals from puncturing membranes.细胞壁增厚并更具弹性，防止冰晶刺破细胞膜。
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Water moves out of living cells into intercellular spaces, where freezing causes less harm.水分从活细胞移出至细胞间隙，在此处结冰造成的伤害较小。
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Deciduous trees shed leaves to reduce water loss and stop photosynthesis until spring returns.落叶树通过脱落叶片减少水分流失，并暂停光合作用，直至春天回归。
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Evergreens retain needles coated in waxy cuticles that slow evaporation and resist cold drying winds.常绿树保留覆盖蜡质角质层的针叶，减缓蒸发，抵御寒冷干燥的风。
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Some species produce special proteins that inhibit ice nucleation—stopping crystals from forming inside cells.某些树种产生特殊蛋白质，抑制冰核形成，阻止细胞内冰晶生成。
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Bark insulates inner tissues, while dormant buds seal themselves with protective scales and resins.树皮隔热保护内部组织，休眠芽则以保护性鳞片和树脂自我封闭。
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Roots stay active just below the frost line, absorbing limited water when soil isn’t fully frozen.根系在冻土层下方保持活性，土壤未完全冻结时吸收有限水分。
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Maple trees concentrate sugar in early spring, enabling sap collection for syrup before full thaw.枫树在早春集中积累糖分，使融雪前即可采集树液制糖。
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Climate change disrupts these adaptations, causing premature budding and increased winter injury risk.气候变化扰乱这些适应机制，导致提前萌芽及冬季损伤风险上升。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Cell walls thicken and become more flexible, preventing ice crystals from puncturing membranes. 细胞壁增厚并更具弹性，防止冰晶刺破细胞膜。
- Climate change disrupts these adaptations, causing premature budding and increased winter injury risk. 气候变化扰乱这些适应机制，导致提前萌芽及冬季损伤风险上升。
- Water moves out of living cells into intercellular spaces, where freezing causes less harm. 水分从活细胞移出至细胞间隙，在此处结冰造成的伤害较小。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Cell walls thicken and become more flexible, preventing ice crystals from puncturing membranes.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Cell walls thicken and become more flexible, preventing ice crystals from puncturing membranes.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Cell walls thicken and become more flexible, preventing ice crystals from puncturing membranes.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中，敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课，可以去陈老师带读社（和自学通行不是同一份会员）。
课程开发中，敬请期待。