地理漫步·世界地理英语30篇（6）

9 / 30

森林是碳汇，而不仅是木材来源

Forests absorb about 30% of human-caused CO₂ emissions each year through photosynthesis and soil storage.
Old-growth forests hold more carbon per hectare than younger plantations, even if they grow more slowly.
Deforestation in the Amazon releases stored carbon while reducing future absorption capacity—a double climate impact.
Selective logging can maintain forest function if roads and canopy gaps are carefully managed and minimized.
Indigenous-managed forests in Brazil and Canada show lower deforestation rates than state-controlled protected areas.
Urban trees cool cities, filter air pollutants, and reduce stormwater runoff—making them vital climate infrastructure.
Reforestation works best when native species match local soils and rainfall, not just fast-growing exotics.
Satellite monitoring tools like Global Forest Watch detect illegal clearing in near real time across the tropics.
Carbon markets now pay forest communities to preserve standing trees—though transparency and benefit-sharing remain challenges.
Valuing forests for their climate, water, and biodiversity services changes how we measure true economic progress.