世界史关键时刻·英语30篇（1）
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The Founding of Rome and Early Republic
罗马建城与共和初期
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According to legend, Romulus founded Rome on Palatine Hill in 753 BCE after killing his brother Remus.据传说，罗慕路斯于公元前753年在帕拉丁山杀死弟弟雷穆斯后建立了罗马。
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By 509 BCE, Romans replaced kings with elected consuls and created the Senate to represent patrician families.到公元前509年，罗马人废除王政，改由选举产生的执政官掌权，并设立元老院代表贵族家族。
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Plebeians gradually won rights like legal codes, assemblies, and tribunes who could veto unfair laws.平民逐步争取到成文法、平民大会及可否决不公法律的保民官等权利。
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Roman law emphasized fairness, evidence, and citizen protection—principles still visible in modern systems.罗马法强调公正、证据和公民保护，这些原则至今仍体现在现代法律体系中。
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Farmers formed the backbone of the army, serving without pay but expecting land after victory.农民构成军队主力，服役无薪，但期望战后获得土地。
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Conquests in Italy brought wealth but also widened gaps between rich landowners and poor veterans.意大利半岛的征服带来财富，却也加剧了富有的地主与贫困退伍军人之间的差距。
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The republic balanced power carefully, yet internal tensions kept growing over centuries.共和国精心制衡权力，但内部矛盾却持续数百年不断加剧。
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This fragile system lasted nearly 500 years before giving way to imperial rule.这一脆弱体制延续近五百年，最终让位于帝制。