世界史关键时刻·英语30篇（1）
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The Norman Conquest of England in 1066
1066年诺曼征服英格兰
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William, Duke of Normandy, claimed England’s throne after Edward the Confessor died without an heir.诺曼底公爵威廉声称，爱德华忏悔者去世且无子嗣后，自己有权继承英格兰王位。
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He gathered thousands of soldiers, sailors, and horses, then crossed the English Channel in late September.他集结了数千名士兵、水手和战马，于九月下旬横渡英吉利海峡。
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At the Battle of Hastings, Norman cavalry and archers defeated Anglo-Saxon foot soldiers led by King Harold.在黑斯廷斯战役中，诺曼骑兵与弓箭手击败了哈罗德国王率领的盎格鲁-撒克逊步兵。
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Harold fell in battle, and William was crowned king in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day.哈罗德战死，威廉于圣诞节当天在威斯敏斯特教堂加冕为王。
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He replaced English nobles with loyal Normans and ordered the Domesday Book to survey all land and wealth.他以效忠自己的诺曼贵族取代英格兰本土贵族，并下令编纂《末日审判书》，全面清查全国土地与财富。
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Church reforms brought continental practices, while French vocabulary reshaped English grammar and usage.教会改革引入欧洲大陆习俗，法语词汇则深刻改变了英语语法与用法。
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Castles were built across England to control rebellions and symbolize new feudal authority.城堡遍布英格兰各地，既用于镇压叛乱，也象征新的封建权威。
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This conquest linked England more closely to continental Europe for centuries to come.此次征服使英格兰在随后数百年间与欧洲大陆联系更为紧密。