The Mamluk Sultanate and the Institutionalization of Military Meritocracy

马穆鲁克苏丹国与军事功绩制的制度化

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Founded by enslaved soldiers who rose through battlefield competence rather than lineage, the Mamluk Sultanate redefined elite recruitment across thirteenth-century Cairo and Damascus.
Its rigorous training academies, strict age-based cohort rotation, and formalized loyalty oaths created a self-replicating military bureaucracy unprecedented in medieval Islamic governance.

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