历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）
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Rising Skyscrapers, Shifting Lives: Urbanization and Migrant Workers
拔地而起的摩天楼，流动变迁的人生：城市化与农民工
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China’s rapid urbanization since the 1980s drew millions of rural workers to cities seeking better wages.
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These migrant workers built skyscrapers, subways, and factories but often lived in crowded dormitories without local hukou rights.
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Without urban household registration, they faced barriers to healthcare, education for their children, and stable housing.
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Their labor fueled economic growth, yet their social integration remained incomplete and legally fragile.
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Government policies gradually expanded access to public services, though disparities between urban and rural residents persist.
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Migrant communities formed informal networks that sustained cultural identity amid urban anonymity and economic pressure.
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Seasonal return migration remains common, reflecting both opportunity and exclusion in China’s dual-track system.
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This movement reshaped family structures, as many children stayed behind in villages with grandparents.
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Urban planning now increasingly considers inclusive infrastructure, recognizing migrants as essential urban citizens.
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Their story illustrates how economic transformation intersects with institutional design and human resilience.