历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）
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Paper’s Journey: From Han China to Global Knowledge
造纸术传播与知识扩散
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Around 105 CE, Cai Lun in China improved papermaking by mixing bark, hemp, rags, and fishing nets with water and pressing them into thin sheets.约公元105年，中国蔡伦改进造纸术，将树皮、麻头、破布和渔网捣碎混水，压制成薄纸。
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Before paper, people wrote on bamboo strips, silk, or expensive parchment, limiting who could afford books or record-keeping.纸张发明前，人们在竹简、丝绸或昂贵的羊皮纸上书写，限制了书籍拥有和文书记录的普及。
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By the 600s, paper reached Korea and Japan through Buddhist monks, who copied sutras more easily than ever before.至7世纪，佛教僧人将纸传入朝鲜和日本，使佛经抄写比以往更便捷。
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Arab traders learned the technique after capturing Chinese papermakers at the Battle of Talas in 751, then built mills in Baghdad and Damascus.751年怛罗斯之战后，阿拉伯商人俘获中国造纸工匠，习得技术，并在巴格达和大马士革建起造纸作坊。
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European monks adopted paper by the 1100s, replacing vellum and enabling faster, cheaper manuscript production in monasteries.12世纪，欧洲修道士开始采用纸张，取代羊皮纸，使修道院手稿制作更快、更廉价。
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When printing presses arrived in the 1400s, paper supply kept pace—making Bibles, legal codes, and scientific texts widely available.15世纪印刷机问世时，纸张供应同步增长，使《圣经》、法典和科学著作得以广泛传播。
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Unlike oral traditions or fragile scrolls, paper allowed notes, drafts, and marginalia—supporting critical thinking and peer review.纸张不同于口头传统或易损卷轴，支持笔记、草稿与批注，推动批判性思维与同行评议。
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Its quiet spread laid groundwork for universities, journalism, and even modern copyright law across multiple civilizations.纸张悄然传播，为多文明中的大学、新闻业乃至现代版权法奠定基础。