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The Imperial Examination System and Social Mobility
科举制度与社会流动
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Starting in China’s Sui Dynasty (581–618), the imperial examination tested candidates on Confucian classics, poetry, and policy essays.科举制始于中国隋朝（581–618年），考试内容包括儒家经典、诗歌和策论。
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Unlike hereditary appointments, this system allowed sons of farmers or shopkeepers to become government officials—if they passed multiple rounds of rigorous tests.与世袭任命不同，这一制度使农民或商人的子弟也能通过多轮严苛考试成为官员。
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Preparation often took ten years or more, with tutors, study groups, and printed textbooks supporting serious candidates across regions.备考常耗时十年以上，各地考生依靠私塾教师、学习小组和印刷教材刻苦攻读。
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Exams were held every three years in provincial capitals and Beijing, attracting tens of thousands despite low pass rates and high costs.考试每三年在各省省会及北京举行，尽管录取率低、费用高，仍吸引数万人赴考。
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Successful graduates received official ranks, tax exemptions, and social prestige—often marrying into elite families soon after passing.及第者获授官职、免征赋税，并享有社会声望，常于登科后迅速与世家联姻。
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Critics noted that memorization outweighed creativity, and wealthy families still held advantages in tutoring and travel support.批评者指出，考试偏重死记硬背，且富裕家庭在师资与赴考经费上仍有优势。
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Still, the system lasted over 1,300 years and inspired civil service exams in Korea, Vietnam, and eventually Britain and the United States.尽管如此，该制度延续逾1300年，并影响了朝鲜、越南，乃至英国与美国的文官考试制度。
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Its legacy lives on in standardized testing, merit-based hiring, and ongoing debates about fairness in education access.其遗产至今体现于标准化考试、择优录用，以及关于教育机会公平性的持续讨论中。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Starting in China’s Sui Dynasty (581–618), the imperial examination tested candidates on Confucian classics, poetry, and policy essays. 科举制始于中国隋朝（581–618年），考试内容包括儒家经典、诗歌和策论。
- Unlike hereditary appointments, this system allowed sons of farmers or shopkeepers to become government officials—if they passed multiple rounds of rigorous tests. 与世袭任命不同，这一制度使农民或商人的子弟也能通过多轮严苛考试成为官员。
- Preparation often took ten years or more, with tutors, study groups, and printed textbooks supporting serious candidates across regions. 备考常耗时十年以上，各地考生依靠私塾教师、学习小组和印刷教材刻苦攻读。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Starting in China’s Sui Dynasty (581–618), the imperial examination tested candidates on Confucian classics, poetry, and policy essays.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Starting in China’s Sui Dynasty (581–618), the imperial examination tested candidates on Confucian classics, poetry, and policy essays.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Starting in China’s Sui Dynasty (581–618), the imperial examination tested candidates on Confucian classics, poetry, and policy essays.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中，敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课，可以去陈老师带读社（和自学通行不是同一份会员）。
课程开发中，敬请期待。