The Treaty of Gulistan and the Reconfiguration of Caucasus Sovereignty
《古利斯坦条约》与高加索主权格局的重构
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Signed in 1813 after Russia’s decisive victory over Qajar Persia, the Treaty of Gulistan redrew borders across the South Caucasus with minimal local consultation.
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It ceded Karabakh, Ganja, and Shirvan to St. Petersburg, transforming centuries-old khanates into imperial provinces governed by Russian civil-military administrators.
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